Thought and Knowledge by Diane F. Halpern
An Introduction to Critical Thinking Critical Thinking is more than a classroom skill—it is a way of navigating the modern world with clarity, judgment, and intellectual independence. Diane F. Halpern’s influential book, Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking, stands as one of the…
Thus Spoke Zarathustra by Friedrich Nietzsche
A Comprehensive Summary Introduction: Zarathustra is not merely the name of a character—it is the voice through which Friedrich Nietzsche delivers one of the most provocative philosophical works ever written. Thus Spoke Zarathustra is a poetic, symbolic, and often challenging book that explores what it…
Meditations by Marcus Aurelius
A Comprehensive Summary Introduction: The word meditation often brings to mind quiet rooms, deep breathing, and mindfulness practices. Yet long before modern self-help culture, one of history’s most powerful rulers wrote a private book of meditation—not for publication, but for self-discipline, clarity, and moral strength.…
Loneliness Is an Economic Outcome, Not a Personal Failure
Atomization, Labor Markets, Urban Design, and the Social Logic of Late Capitalism Rethinking Loneliness Beyond the Individual Loneliness is usually framed as a private problem. Popular psychology treats it as an emotional deficit, a personality flaw, or a failure of social skills. Self-help culture responds…
Moral Progress Is Not Real: We Just Changed Our Aesthetic Preferences
Question Are we actually becoming more moral as a society… or are we just better at looking moral? And if our values truly improved, why do the same harms keep reappearing—just in cleaner, more acceptable forms? Definition Moral progress is the belief that humanity is…
Democracy Is Overrated: Why Most People Don’t Actually Want to Govern
Hey everybody, this is M! Let's talk about democracy! Democracy Is Overrated: Why Most People Don’t Actually Want to Govern Democracy is a system of government in which political power is derived from the people. The term comes from the Greek dēmos (people) and kratos…